| 1 | Convex and Nonconvex Optimization Problems
  Why is Convexity Important in Optimization
  Lagrange Multipliers and Duality
  Min Common / Max Crossing Duality | 
| 2 | Convex Sets and Functions
  Epigraphs
  Closed Convex Functions
  Recognizing Convex Functions | 
| 3 | Differentiable Convex Functions
  Convex and Affine Bulls
  Caratheodory's Theorem
  Closure, Relative Interior, Continuity | 
| 4 | Review of Relative Interior
  Algebra of Relative Interiors and Closures
  Continuity of Convex Functions
  Recession Cones | 
| 5 | Global and Local Minima
  Weierstrass' Theorem
  The Projection Theorem
  Recession Cones of Convex Functions
  Existence of Optimal Solutions | 
| 6 | Nonemptiness of Closed Set Intersections
  Existence of Optimal Solutions
  Special Cases: Linear and Quadric Programs
  Preservation of Closure under Linear Transformation and Partial Minimization | 
| 7 | Preservation of Closure under Partial Minimization
  Hyperplanes
  Hyperplane Separation
  Nonvertical Hyperplanes
  Min Common and Max Crossing Problems | 
| 8 | Min Common / Max Crossing Problems
  Weak Duality
  Strong Duality
  Existence of Optimal Solutions
  Minimax Problems | 
| 9 | Min-Max Problems
  Saddle Points
  Min Common / Max Crossing for Min-Max | 
| 10 | Polar Cones and Polar Cone Theorem
  Polyhedral and Finitely Generated Cones
  Farkas Lemma, Minkowski-Weyl Theorem
  Polyhedral Sets and Functions | 
| 11 | Extreme Points
  Extreme Points of Polyhedral Sets
  Extreme Points and Linear / Integer Programming | 
| 12 | Polyhedral Aspects of Duality
  Hyperplane Proper Polyhedral Separation
  Min Common / Max Crossing Theorem under Polyhedral Assumptions
  Nonlinear Farkas Lemma
  Application to Convex Programming | 
| 13 | Directional Derivatives of One-Dimensional Convex Functions
  Directional Derivatives of Multi-Dimensional Convex Functions
  Subgradients and Subdifferentials
  Properties of Subgradients | 
| 14 | Conical Approximations
  Cone of Feasible Directions
  Tangent and Normal Cones
  Conditions for Optimality | 
| 15 | Introduction to Lagrange Multipliers
  Enhanced Fritz John Theory | 
| 16 | Enhanced Fritz John Conditions
  Pseudonormality
  Constraint Qualifications | 
| 17 | Sensitivity Issues
  Exact Penalty Functions
  Extended Representations | 
| 18 | Convexity, Geometric Multipliers, and Duality
  Relation of Geometric and Lagrange Multipliers
  The Dual Function and the Dual Problem
  Weak and Strong Duality
  Duality and Geometric Multipliers | 
| 19 | Linear and Quadric Programming Duality
  Conditions for Existence of Geometric Multipliers
  Conditions for Strong Duality | 
| 20 | The Primal Function
  Conditions for Strong Duality
  Sensitivity
  Fritz John Conditions for Convex Programming | 
| 21 | Fenchel Duality
  Conjugate Convex Functions
  Relation of Primal and Dual Functions
  Fenchel Duality Theorems | 
| 22 | Fenchel Duality
  Fenchel Duality Theorems
  Cone Programming
  Semidefinite Programming | 
| 23 | Overview of Dual Methods
  Nondifferentiable Optimization | 
| 24 | Subgradient Methods
  Stepsize Rules and Convergence Analysis | 
| 25 | Incremental Subgradient Methods
  Convergence Rate Analysis and Randomized Methods | 
| 26 | Additional Dual Methods
  Cutting Plane Methods
  Decomposition |